US courts are weighing restrictions on mifepristone, one of two drugs used in medication abortion. Telehealth providers have already activated backup plans: prescribing misoprostol alone, a single-drug protocol that is safe, effective, and widely used globally.
What is happening
On Friday, a US federal appeals court reinstated a nationwide requirement that mifepristone must be obtained in person, effectively blocking telehealth prescriptions of the drug. The Supreme Court paused that ruling on Monday, giving a temporary reprieve until at least May 11. But providers are not waiting for the final decision.
Carafem, a telehealth abortion provider, immediately pivoted to a misoprostol-only regimen over the weekend. “We feel comfortable prescribing it,” says Melissa Grant, Carafem’s chief operations officer. Some Planned Parenthood clinics also switched to the single-drug protocol. HeyJane, another digital abortion clinic, confirmed it will do the same if necessary.
The two-drug vs. single-drug protocol
A standard medication abortion uses two pills: mifepristone blocks progesterone to stop the pregnancy from progressing; misoprostol causes uterine contractions to expel the tissue. The dual regimen is slightly more effective and has fewer side effects than misoprostol alone.
Misoprostol was originally developed to treat gastric ulcers and has been used for medication abortion since the late 1980s. It remains the primary method in many countries where mifepristone is unavailable. The World Health Organization, the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, the Society of Family Planning, and the National Abortion Federation all endorse the misoprostol-only protocol when mifepristone is not accessible.
Most people using the dual regimen need only one dose of misoprostol. With the single-drug protocol, three or more doses are required, which can cause more intense or prolonged side effects such as nausea, vomiting, and uterine cramping. Providers recommend having anti-nausea and pain medication on hand.
Telehealth and access
Mifepristone was approved by the FDA in 2000. In April 2021, during the Covid-19 pandemic, the FDA allowed it to be obtained by mail instead of in person. The agency permanently lifted the in-person dispensing requirement in 2023. After the Supreme Court overturned Roe v. Wade in 2022, medication abortion via telehealth became a sought-after option, especially for patients in states with abortion restrictions. Approximately one in three abortions in the first half of 2025 used abortion pills obtained through telehealth, according to public health nonprofit Plan C.
Carafem has offered misoprostol-only medication abortions since